[Linuxコマンド]systemctlコマンドの概要と使い方

2024年6月21日

systemctlコマンドはサービスを管理するコマンドです。

やすひら

systemctlコマンドの概要と使用方法を紹介します

この記事でわかること

systemctlコマンドの概要
systemctlコマンドの使い方

コマンド概要

systemctlコマンドは、サービスを管理するためのコマンドです。
systemctlを使用することで、サービスの開始、停止、再起動、ステータス確認等の設定などを行うことができます。

コマンドオプション

コマンドオプションを紹介します。

コマンドオプション	意味
start	サービス開始
stop	サービス停止
restart	サービス再起動
status	サービス状態を表示
enable	サービスを自動起動する
disable	サービスを自動起動しない
reload	サービスの設定ファイルを再読み込み
list-units	サービス一覧を表示

コマンドの使い方

systemctlコマンドの使い方を紹介します。

サービスを開始

サービスを開始します

コマンド形式

systemctl start [サービス名]

コマンド実行例

$ sudo systemctl start bluetooth.service 
[sudo] password for user: 
$ systemctl status bluetooth.service 
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-06-17 22:56:41 JST; 15h ago
       Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
   Main PID: 1125 (bluetoothd)
     Status: "Running"
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 4061)
     Memory: 1.9M
        CPU: 262ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
             └─1125 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd

Jun 18 12:36:46 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.36 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 12:36:46 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.36 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_552

指定したサービスを開始しました。

サービスを停止

サービスを停止します

コマンド形式

systemctl stop [サービス名]

コマンド実行例

$ sudo systemctl stop bluetooth.service 
[sudo] password for user: 
$ systemctl status bluetooth.service 
○ bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2024-06-18 14:57:23 JST; 3s ago
       Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
    Process: 1125 ExecStart=/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 1125 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Status: "Powering down"
        CPU: 271ms

Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Stopping SDP server
Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Exit
Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 systemd[1]: bluetooth.service: Deactivated successfully.
Jun 18 14:57:23 machine000 systemd[1]: Stopped Bluetooth service.

指定したサービスを停止しました。

サービスを再起動

サービスを再起動します

コマンド形式

systemctl restart [サービス名]

コマンド実行例

$ sudo systemctl restart bluetooth.service 
[sudo] password for user: 
$ systemctl status bluetooth.service 
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-06-18 14:58:43 JST; 1s ago
       Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
   Main PID: 9126 (bluetoothd)
     Status: "Running"
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 4061)
     Memory: 776.0K
        CPU: 374ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
             └─9126 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd

Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Bluetooth management interface 1.21 initialized
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:58:44 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: src/adv_monitor.c:btd_adv_monitor_power_down() Unexpected NULL btd_adv_monitor_manager object upon power down

指定したサービスを再起動しました。

サービス状態を表示

サービス状態を表示します。

コマンド形式

systemctl status [サービス名]

コマンド実行例

$ systemctl status bluetooth.service
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-06-17 22:56:41 JST; 15h ago
       Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
   Main PID: 1125 (bluetoothd)
     Status: "Running"
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 4061)
     Memory: 1.9M
        CPU: 262ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
             └─1125 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd

Jun 18 12:36:46 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.36 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 12:36:46 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint unregistered: sender=:1.36 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 12:36:47 machine000 bluetoothd[1125]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_552

指定したサービスの状態を表示しました。

サービスを自動起動ありに設定

サービスを自動起動ありに設定します。

コマンド形式

systemctl enable [サービス名]

コマンド実行例

$ sudo systemctl enable bluetooth.service 
[sudo] password for user: 
Synchronizing state of bluetooth.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable bluetooth
$ systemctl status bluetooth.service 
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-06-18 14:58:43 JST; 1min 19s ago
       Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
   Main PID: 9126 (bluetoothd)
     Status: "Running"
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 4061)
     Memory: 776.0K
        CPU: 376ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
             └─9126 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd

Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Bluetooth management interface 1.21 initialized
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:58:44 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: src/adv_monitor.c:btd_adv_monitor_power_down() Unexpected NULL btd_adv_monitor_manager object upon power down

指定したサービスを自動起動ありに設定しました。

サービスを自動起動なしに設定

サービスを自動起動なしに設定します。

コマンド形式

systemctl disable [サービス名]

コマンド実行例

$ sudo systemctl disable bluetooth.service 
[sudo] password for user: 
Synchronizing state of bluetooth.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install disable bluetooth
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.bluez.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/bluetooth.target.wants/bluetooth.service.
$ systemctl status bluetooth.service 
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-06-18 14:58:43 JST; 2min 20s ago
       Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
   Main PID: 9126 (bluetoothd)
     Status: "Running"
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 4061)
     Memory: 776.0K
        CPU: 376ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
             └─9126 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd

Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Bluetooth management interface 1.21 initialized
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:58:44 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: src/adv_monitor.c:btd_adv_monitor_power_down() Unexpected NULL btd_adv_monitor_manager object upon power down

指定したサービスを自動起動なしに設定しました。

サービスの設定ファイルを再読み込み

サービスの設定ファイルを再読み込みします。

コマンド形式

systemctl reload [サービス名]

コマンド実行例

$ sudo systemctl reload bluetooth.service 
[sudo] password for user: 
Failed to reload bluetooth.service: Job type reload is not applicable for unit bluetooth.service.
$ systemctl status bluetooth.service 
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-06-18 14:58:43 JST; 3min 42s ago
       Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
   Main PID: 9126 (bluetoothd)
     Status: "Running"
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 4061)
     Memory: 776.0K
        CPU: 376ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
             └─9126 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd

Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Bluetooth management interface 1.21 initialized
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_453
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_512
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:58:43 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.71 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource/sbc_xq_552
Jun 18 14:58:44 machine000 bluetoothd[9126]: src/adv_monitor.c:btd_adv_monitor_power_down() Unexpected NULL btd_adv_monitor_manager object upon power down

指定したサービスの設定ファイルを再読み込みしました。

サービス一覧を表示

サービス一覧を表示します。

コマンド形式

systemctl list-units

コマンド実行例

$ systemctl list-units
  UNIT                                                                                              LOAD   ACTIVE SUB       DESCRIPTION                                                                                
  proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount                                                                 loaded active running   Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point                              
  sys-devices-platform-emmc2bus-fe340000.mmc-mmc_host-mmc0-mmc0:aaaa-block-mmcblk0-mmcblk0p1.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/emmc2bus/fe340000.mmc/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:aaaa/block/mmcblk0/mmcblk0p1
  sys-devices-platform-emmc2bus-fe340000.mmc-mmc_host-mmc0-mmc0:aaaa-block-mmcblk0-mmcblk0p2.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/emmc2bus/fe340000.mmc/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:aaaa/block/mmcblk0/mmcblk0p2
  sys-devices-platform-emmc2bus-fe340000.mmc-mmc_host-mmc0-mmc0:aaaa-block-mmcblk0.device           loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/emmc2bus/fe340000.mmc/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:aaaa/block/mmcblk0
  sys-devices-platform-scb-fd580000.ethernet-net-eth0.device                                        loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/scb/fd580000.ethernet/net/eth0
  sys-devices-platform-soc-fe00b840.mailbox-bcm2835_audio-sound-card0-controlC0.device              loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/soc/fe00b840.mailbox/bcm2835_audio/sound/card0/controlC0
  sys-devices-platform-soc-fe201000.serial-tty-ttyAMA0-hci0.device                                  loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/soc/fe201000.serial/tty/ttyAMA0/hci0
  sys-devices-platform-soc-fe201000.serial-tty-ttyAMA0.device                                       loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/soc/fe201000.serial/tty/ttyAMA0
  sys-devices-platform-soc-fe300000.mmcnr-mmc_host-mmc1-mmc1:0001-mmc1:0001:1-net-wlan0.device      loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/soc/fe300000.mmcnr/mmc_host/mmc1/mmc1:0001/mmc1:0001:1/net/wlan0
  sys-devices-platform-soc-fe980000.usb-udc-fe980000.usb.device                                     loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/soc/fe980000.usb/udc/fe980000.usb
  sys-devices-platform-soc-fef00700.hdmi-sound-card1-controlC1.device                               loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/soc/fef00700.hdmi/sound/card1/controlC1
  sys-devices-platform-soc-fef05700.hdmi-sound-card2-controlC2.device                               loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/soc/fef05700.hdmi/sound/card2/controlC2
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop0.device                                                            loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop0
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop1.device                                                            loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop1
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop10.device                                                           loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop10
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop11.device                                                           loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop11
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop12.device                                                           loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop12
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop13.device                                                           loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop13
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop14.device                                                           loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop14
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop15.device                                                           loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop15
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop16.device                                                           loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop16
  sys-devices-virtual-block-loop17.device                                                           loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop17

-- 以下省略 --

サービス一覧を表示しました。

まとめ

systemctlコマンドの概要と使い方を紹介しました。

systemctlコマンドは

サービスを開始できる
サービスを停止できる
サービスを再起動できる
サービスの状態確認できる
サービスを自動起動できる
サービスを自動起動なしにできる
サービスの設定ファイルを再読み込みできる
サービス一覧を確認できる

systemctlコマンドは、サービスの管理をする際に必要なコマンドです。
かなり多用するコマンドですので、覚えて実践していきましょう。

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